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Poliomyelitis survey in Middle-East countries.

M Brigaud, M Aymard, D Thouvenot

Developments in Biological Standardization

|January 1, 1978

Summary

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Poliomyelitis outbreaks in Bahrain and Kuwait were primarily caused by wild polioviruses, affecting infants under two. Vaccination showed some effectiveness, but wild poliovirus circulation persisted in the community.

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

The poliomyelitis survey initiated in 1976 in Bahrain and Kuwait aimed to understand disease epidemiology.
Infants under two years old represented over 90% of paralytic polio cases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the epidemiology of poliomyelitis outbreaks in Bahrain and Kuwait.
To characterize poliovirus strains and assess the impact of vaccination.

Main Methods:

Diagnosis involved virus isolation, neutralizing antibody titration, and specific IgM characterization for paralytic cases.
Stool samples from cases and contacts were analyzed for poliovirus presence.
Virus spread was evaluated before and after vaccination campaigns.

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Main Results:

Bahrain experienced epidemics in 1976 (poliovirus type 2) and 1977 (poliovirus type 1).
Kuwait reported a high incidence of poliovirus type 1, with wild strains isolated from both cases and contacts.
Vaccination did not fully prevent paralysis, with some cases occurring shortly after vaccination, and wild polioviruses were consistently identified.

Conclusions:

Wild polioviruses were the causative agents of the observed poliomyelitis cases in Bahrain and Kuwait.
While vaccination demonstrated some impact, continued circulation of wild polioviruses highlighted the need for sustained public health interventions.