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Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

33
Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
33
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

9.6K
The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
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A Rapid, Simple, and Standardized Homogenization Method to Prepare Antigen/Adjuvant Emulsions for Inducing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Subcellular fractions for immunizing against pertussis.

C D Parker, L H Field, L J Berry

    Developments in Biological Standardization
    |January 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Bordetella pertussis ribosomes are not protective; the protective antigen is found in the wash fluid. Identifying this antigen is crucial for developing a standardized pertussis vaccine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Immunology
    • Vaccine Development

    Background:

    • Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, necessitating effective vaccines.
    • Previous pertussis vaccines utilized whole cells, but concerns about safety and efficacy have driven research into acellular alternatives.
    • Identifying the specific protective immunogen is key to improving vaccine safety and standardization.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the protective antigen in Bordetella pertussis.
    • To determine if bacterial ribosomes are the protective component.
    • To identify the fraction containing the protective immunogen for potential vaccine development.

    Main Methods:

    • Differential centrifugation was used to fractionate Bordetella pertussis cells.
    • Fractions and whole cells were assayed for potency and safety.
    • Purified ribosomes were washed and re-centrifuged.
    • Wash fluid underwent SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

    Main Results:

    • Crude ribosomal fractions showed uniform protection.
    • Purified ribosomes were significantly less potent (at least 40-fold reduction).
    • The protective antigen was located in the wash fluid, not within the purified ribosomes.
    • SDS-PAGE analysis did not yet identify a specific protective protein or carbohydrate.

    Conclusions:

    • Bacterial ribosomes are not the protective immunogen in Bordetella pertussis.
    • The protective antigen copurifies with ribosomes but is found in the wash fluid.
    • SDS-PAGE analysis of soluble ribosome components may aid in identifying the immunogen.
    • Identification of the protective antigen is essential for standardizing pertussis vaccines.