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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes
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Application of Elemental Lanthanides in the Selective C-F Activation of Trifluoromethylated Benzofulvenes Providing Access to Various Difluoroalkenes

Published on: July 28, 2018

Lanthanide-mediated triangular cationic assemblies: structural and physico-chemical properties.

Soumaila Zebret1, Nathalie Dupont, Céline Besnard

  • 1Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|March 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores lanthanide(III) complexes with a ditopic ligand (L1), revealing triangular assemblies under specific conditions. These findings offer insights into lanthanide coordination chemistry and assembly formation.

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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
13:21

Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: July 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Lanthanide Chemistry

Background:

  • Lanthanide(III) ions are crucial in various applications due to their unique electronic and magnetic properties.
  • Ditopic ligands offer versatile platforms for constructing complex metal-organic architectures.
  • Understanding the self-assembly of lanthanide complexes is key to designing functional materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural, thermodynamic, and photophysical properties of lanthanide(III) complexes with a ditopic ligand (L1).
  • To characterize the self-assembly behavior of these complexes under varying stoichiometric conditions.
  • To compare the properties of L1-based complexes with related L2-containing analogues.

Main Methods:

  • Spectrophotometric titrations to determine complex formation and stability.
  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) titrations for structural elucidation.
  • Analysis of thermodynamic and photophysical properties.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of triangular assemblies, specifically [Ln(3)(L1-H)(3)](6+), formed at stoichiometric conditions.
  • Observation of dinuclear species, [Ln(2)(L1-H)](5+), when an excess of lanthanide(III) ions is used.
  • Discussion of the properties of these assemblies in relation to L2-containing analogues.

Conclusions:

  • The ditopic ligand L1 effectively mediates the formation of discrete lanthanide(III) assemblies.
  • Stoichiometry plays a critical role in directing the self-assembly towards triangular or dinuclear structures.
  • The study provides valuable data on lanthanide complexation and assembly, relevant for materials science.