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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Non-coding RNAs--novel targets in neurotoxicity.

Tamara L Tal1, Robert L Tanguay

  • 1Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States. tal.tamara@epa.gov

Neurotoxicology
|March 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial in cellular processes and disease. This review highlights their roles in neurodevelopment, neurological disorders, and drug metabolism, emphasizing their link to neurotoxicity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
09:36

RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key regulators of cellular processes and implicated in various diseases.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of ncRNAs, post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression and influence human health and disease.
  • Genes regulated by miRNAs are more susceptible to environmental chemical exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of ncRNA types and their functions.
  • To highlight the roles of ncRNAs in neurodevelopment, neurological diseases, and drug metabolism.
  • To explore ncRNAs as mediators or effectors of neurotoxicants and neuroactive compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ncRNAs and their functions.
  • Focus on ncRNAs in neurobiology and toxicology.
  • Analysis of specific examples of ncRNA involvement in neurotoxicity.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs play significant roles in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders.
  • miRNAs are involved in regulating genes sensitive to chemical exposure and drug metabolism.
  • ncRNAs act as mediators, effectors, or adaptive agents in response to neurotoxicants.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are critical in neurological functions and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding ncRNA roles is vital for assessing neurotoxicant effects and drug metabolism.
  • Further research is needed to address outstanding questions regarding ncRNAs and neurotoxicity.