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Embryo death in cattle: an update.

M G Diskin1, M H Parr, D G Morris

  • 1Teagasc, Animal & Grassland and Innovation Research Centre, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway, Ireland. michael.diskin@teagasc.ie

Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
|March 8, 2012
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryo loss in cattle, especially high-producing dairy cows, significantly impacts reproductive success. Improving fertility through genetics and management is key to enhancing embryo survival rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Animal science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fertilization rates in cattle vary, with high-producing dairy cows experiencing potentially lower and more variable success.
  • Embryo loss, particularly early losses before Day 8, is a significant issue in high-producing dairy cows, leading to economic losses.
  • Progesterone levels and postpartum energy balance critically influence conception and embryo survival rates in cattle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors affecting cattle embryo survival.
  • To highlight the economic impact of late embryo loss.
  • To explore strategies for improving fertility and embryo survival in cattle breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Review of factors influencing fertilization and embryo survival, including hormonal profiles and energy balance.
  • Discussion of the role of genetic variability and genomic technology in enhancing fertility traits.
  • Analysis of management practices that can mitigate embryo loss.

Main Results:

  • Fertilization generally exceeds 90% in heifers and moderate-yielding cows but can be lower in high-producing dairy cows.
  • Major embryo loss occurs before Day 16, with evidence of earlier losses in high-producing dairy cows.
  • Both inadequate and excessive progesterone concentrations negatively affect embryo survival.

Conclusions:

  • Developing balanced breeding strategies emphasizing fertility, feed intake, and energy is crucial.
  • Genomic technology offers potential for understanding and improving genes related to embryo survival.
  • Implementing manageable, producer-controlled factors can significantly enhance herd reproductive performance and embryo survival.