Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
Published on: February 9, 2021
Evaluation of novel urinary renal biomarkers: biological variation and reference change values
Mark D Pinches1, Catherine J Betts, Susan J Bickerton
1Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK. Mark.pinches@astrazeneca.com
Abstract:
A number of novel urinary biomarkers have been identified and partially qualified for use as markers for renal injury in rats. We used two multiplex assays for these novel biomarkers to quantify biomarker concentration in serial urine collections from rats of both sexes administered varying concentrations of cisplatin. From these data, we calculate inter-individual variation and reference ranges from predose animals and intra-individual variation and reference change values from undosed control animals. The biomarkers evaluated are albumin, α glutathione s-transferase, glutathione S-transferase-yb1, lipocalin-2, kidney injury molecule-1, osteopontin, and renal papillary antigen 1. For any creatinine-corrected novel biomarkers, we found intra-individual variation to be no greater than 44% and inter-individual variation to be no greater than 46%. Reference change values for most corrected analytes (except osteopontin) were 50-100%, indicating that a >100% increase in analyte concentration between serial samples would be unlikely to be associated with inherent analytical or biological variation.
Related Concept Videos
Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution
Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods
Renal clearance is often associated with the renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the rate at which plasma is filtered through the glomeruli in the kidney. When drug reabsorption is minimal and there is no active secretion, renal clearance is closely related to the...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance
