Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Introduction to Fibroblasts01:09

Introduction to Fibroblasts

Rudolph Virchow discovered spindle-shaped cells called fibroblasts in 1858. Inactive fibroblasts, called fibrocytes, become activated by various stimuli, such as growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing, inflammation, formation of new blood vessels, and cancer progression. Uncontrolled activation of fibroblasts results in fibrosis, the excess deposition of fibrous tissue, which can lead to scarring and affect normal organs. This...
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Discovery of a novel and potent class of anti-HIV-1 maturation inhibitors with improved virology profile against gag polymorphisms.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2017
Same author

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Macrocyclized Betulin Derivatives as a Novel Class of Anti-HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitors.

The open medicinal chemistry journal·2014
Same author

Activation of the farnesoid X receptor provides protection against acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity.

Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)·2010
Same author

Conformationally constrained farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists: Naphthoic acid-based analogs of GW 4064.

Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters·2008
Same author

Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis.

Cell metabolism·2005
Same author

Alpha-crystallin is a target gene of the farnesoid X-activated receptor in human livers.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)

Published on: March 2, 2018

Physiology of FGF15/19.

Stacey A Jones1

  • 1GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. stacey.a.jones@gsk.com

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Mouse fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15) and human fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) are atypical FGF hormones. They regulate bile acid, gallbladder, and metabolic homeostasis via unique signaling pathways.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) typically regulate cell growth and differentiation.
  • Mouse Fgf15 and human FGF19 represent an atypical subfamily of FGFs functioning as endocrine hormones.
  • These FGFs exhibit distinct biochemical properties, including low heparin-binding affinity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse biological actions of mouse Fgf15 and human FGF19.
  • To elucidate the unique signaling mechanisms of this FGF subfamily.
  • To highlight their roles in enterohepatic signaling and metabolic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sequence analysis of Fgf15 and FGF19.
  • Review of studies on FGF receptor signaling pathways.

More Related Videos

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)
10:47

Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)

Published on: March 2, 2018

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
07:26

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

  • Analysis of Fgf15/FGF19 roles in enterohepatic circulation and metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • Fgf15 and FGF19 are evolutionarily divergent but functionally conserved.
    • Their low heparin affinity allows for systemic circulation and distant signaling.
    • Signaling requires klotho cofactors, differing from typical FGF pathways.
    • They are crucial regulators of bile acid biosynthesis, gallbladder function, and metabolic homeostasis.

    Conclusions:

    • Mouse Fgf15 and human FGF19 are critical hormonal regulators in metabolic processes.
    • Their unique structure and signaling mechanisms enable systemic control of enterohepatic functions.
    • Further research into Fgf15/FGF19 pathways could offer therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders.