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Unsymmetric Bending

Unsymmetric Bending

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The orientation of the...

Symmetric Member in Bending

Symmetric Member in Bending

In the study of the mechanics of materials, analyzing the behavior of prismatic members under opposing couples is crucial for understanding internal stress distributions, which are essential for structural design. When subjected to couples, a prismatic member experiences internal forces that maintain equilibrium. A couple, characterized by two equal and opposite forces, creates a moment but no resultant force. The internal forces at any section cut of the member must balance these external...

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

Nondisjunction

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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Measurement of Healthy and Injured Triceps Surae Morphology

Measurement of Healthy and Injured Triceps Surae Morphology

Published on: October 27, 2023

Bracelet creases among twins.

Ramesh Chaube¹, Soma Mallick, Kalpana Saini

¹HIG-14, Rajeev Nagar, Tilli, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Collegium Antropologicum

|March 9, 2012

Summary

Genetic factors significantly influence bracelet creases, as shown by high heritability estimates in Indian twins. This suggests genetics play a larger role than environment in expressing this trait.

Area of Science:

Human genetics
Twin studies
Dermatoglyphics

Background:

Bracelet creases are unique dermatoglyphic features.
Twin studies are crucial for understanding genetic versus environmental influences on human traits.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the heritability of bracelet creases.
To determine the role of genetic factors in the expression of bracelet creases.

Main Methods:

Studied 42 pairs of twins (monozygotic, dizygotic like-sex, dizygotic unlike-sex) from India.
Analyzed discordance in bracelet creases between twin types.

Main Results:

High discordance observed in dizygotic twins for various bracelet crease types.

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Guide Wire Assisted Catheterization and Colored Dye Injection for Vascular Mapping of Monochorionic Twin Placentas

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Heritability estimate for bracelet creases was calculated as 0.80.

Conclusions:

Genetic factors play a major role in the expression of bracelet creases.
Environmental factors have a comparatively lesser influence on this trait.