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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...

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Glycemic index in diabetes.

Dario Rahelić1, Alexandra Jenkins, Velimir Bozikov

  • 1University of Zagreb, Dubrava University Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Zagreb, Croatia. drahelic@kbd.hr

Collegium Antropologicum
|March 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A low Glycemic Index (GI) diet may improve blood sugar control and reduce diabetes complications. While beneficial, clinicians should be aware of ongoing discussions and potential controversies surrounding its use.

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Published on: January 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • The Glycemic Index (GI) ranks carbohydrate foods by their impact on blood glucose.
  • Introduced in the 1980s, GI research has expanded significantly.
  • Numerous studies suggest low-GI diets offer health benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established benefits of low-GI diets.
  • To address controversies and ongoing discussions regarding GI.
  • To inform clinicians about the role of GI in diabetes management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of numerous trials on Glycemic Index.
  • Analysis of studies examining low-GI diet effects.
  • Discussion of controversies in Glycemic Index research.

Main Results:

  • Low-GI diets show benefits for glycemic control and lipid profiles.
  • Potential improvements in insulin, C-peptide, and inflammatory markers observed.
  • Low-GI diets may aid in body weight regulation and reduce vascular complications in diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Low-GI diets offer significant benefits in managing diabetes mellitus.
  • Potential to prevent or delay vascular complications associated with diabetes.
  • Clinicians should consider low-GI foods for diabetes prevention and treatment, acknowledging existing controversies.