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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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In Vivo Augmentation of Gut-Homing Regulatory T Cell Induction
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Published on: January 22, 2020

Immunomodulation for gastrointestinal infections.

Roberto J Cieza1, Anthony T Cao, Yingzi Cong

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy
|March 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how the intestinal epithelium and immune cells maintain gut homeostasis by regulating responses to antigens. It highlights the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and innate cell interactions in preventing inflammation.

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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

Published on: September 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The intestinal epithelium acts as a barrier, interacting with luminal antigens and immune components.
  • Regulated interaction between epithelial cells, immune cells, and antigens is vital for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
  • Dysregulated immune responses at this interface can lead to detrimental inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review regulatory mechanisms governing host-immune homeostasis in the intestine.
  • To emphasize the role of regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Tregs) and their subsets.
  • To evaluate innate cell cross-talk in shaping intestinal immune responses and host-microbe interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of regulatory mechanisms in intestinal immunity.
  • Analysis of the function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and their subsets.
  • Evaluation of innate immune cell interactions and their impact on immune polarization.

Main Results:

  • Regulatory mechanisms, including Tregs and innate cell cross-talk, are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
  • Commensal flora and bacterial factors play a significant role in immunomodulation.
  • Bacterial enteric pathogens can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding Treg subsets and innate cell interactions is key to controlling intestinal immune responses.
  • Maintaining a balance with commensal microbiota is essential for gut health.
  • Disruption of this balance by pathogens highlights potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions.