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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
Types of Damping01:20

Types of Damping

If the amount of damping in a system is gradually increased, the period and frequency start to become affected because damping opposes, and hence slows, the back and forth motion (the net force is smaller in both directions). If there is a very large amount of damping, the system does not even oscillate; instead, it slowly moves toward equilibrium. In brief, an overdamped system moves slowly towards equilibrium, whereas an underdamped system moves quickly to equilibrium but will oscillate about...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Damped Oscillations01:07

Damped Oscillations

In the real world, oscillations seldom follow true simple harmonic motion. A system that continues its motion indefinitely without losing its amplitude is termed undamped. However, friction of some sort usually dampens the motion, so it fades away or needs more force to continue. For example, a guitar string stops oscillating a few seconds after being plucked. Similarly, one must continually push a swing to keep a child swinging on a playground.
Although friction and other non-conservative...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
10:25

Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

Published on: December 20, 2016

Energy dissipation distributions and dissipative atomic processes in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy.

Sergio Santos1, Karim R Gadelrab, Adam Silvernail

  • 1Laboratory of Energy and Nanosciences, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Nanotechnology
|March 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study analyzes nanoscale energy dissipation from short and long-range interactions, providing new models for heat generation, thermal flux, and atomic processes. Findings offer realistic values for atomic bond dissipation and viscoelasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale physics
  • Materials science
  • Tribology

Background:

  • Understanding energy dissipation at the nanoscale is crucial for predicting material behavior.
  • Existing models often simplify complex interactions, limiting accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe instantaneous and average energy dissipation distributions at the nanoscale.
  • To analyze the consequences of these distributions on various physical phenomena.
  • To propose a novel semi-discrete approach for atomic dissipative processes.

Main Methods:

  • Employed purely continuous and semi-discrete approaches.
  • Analyzed effects of short and long-range interactions.
  • Derived analytic expressions for instantaneous power.
  • Developed a general expression for effective interaction area.

Main Results:

  • Quantified heat generation, thermal flux, adhesion hysteresis, and viscoelasticity.
  • Evaluated the impact of peak values versus average values in energy dissipation.
  • Proposed a semi-discrete model yielding realistic atomic bond dissipation and viscoelastic values.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding nanoscale energy dissipation.
  • The proposed semi-discrete approach accurately models atomic-level dissipative processes.
  • Results have implications for designing materials and devices at the nanoscale.