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Group Polarization

Group Polarization

Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...

Framing Effects

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

Routes of Persuasion

Routes of Persuasion

Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-Verbal Cues

Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Rapid and Robust Analysis of Cellular and Molecular Polarization Induced by Chemokine Signaling

Rapid and Robust Analysis of Cellular and Molecular Polarization Induced by Chemokine Signaling

Published on: December 12, 2014

Polarizing cues.

Stephen P Nicholson¹

¹University of California, Merced.

American Journal of Political Science

|March 10, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Party leaders

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Area of Science:

Political science
Social psychology

Background:

Individuals categorize themselves and others into ingroups and outgroups.
In American politics, political parties and their leaders shape partisan opinion and policy stances.

Observation:

Party leaders' endorsements can persuade co-partisans to adopt similar stances.
Conversely, endorsements from party leaders may polarize individuals identifying with the out-party.
Survey experiments from the 2008 presidential election investigated candidate cues' effects.

Findings:

Endorsements from in-party leaders did not significantly persuade partisans.
Endorsements from out-party leaders demonstrably polarized partisan opinion.
Experiments with President Bush showed his endorsement did not persuade Republicans but polarized Democrats.

Implications:

Politicians' cues, rather than party labels, appear to be the primary drivers of political polarization.
Understanding leader influence is crucial for analyzing partisan dynamics and public opinion formation.
These findings highlight the distinct roles of ingroup and outgroup cues in political contexts.