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Travelling Waves01:04

Travelling Waves

A wave is a disturbance that propagates from its source, repeating itself periodically, and is typically associated with simple harmonic motion. Mechanical waves are governed by Newton's laws and require a medium to travel. A medium is a substance in which a mechanical wave propagates, and the medium produces an elastic restoring force when it is deformed.
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is water;...

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A Cardiac Microphysiological System for Studying Ca2+ Propagation via Non-genetic Optical Stimulation
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Propagating unstable wavelets in cardiac tissue.

Patrick M Boyle1, Adarsh Madhavan, Matthew P Reid

  • 1Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers simulated cardiac tissue to observe solitonlike propagating modes, termed propagating unstable wavelets (PUWs). These wavelets propagate slower than normal excitation and are not true solitons, with specific stimulus ranges and conditions influencing their elicitation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiac electrophysiology
  • Computational modeling
  • Nonlinear dynamics

Background:

  • Solitonlike propagating modes were theoretically proposed for excitable tissues.
  • These modes, termed propagating unstable wavelets (PUWs), have not been experimentally observed in cardiac tissue.
  • Understanding wave propagation in cardiac tissue is crucial for diagnosing and treating arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To simulate an experimental protocol to elicit and characterize PUWs in a 3D ventricular wedge preparation.
  • To investigate the properties of PUWs and determine if they are true solitons.
  • To identify conditions that favor or hinder the elicitation of PUWs.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed three-dimensional computational modeling of a ventricular wedge preparation.
  • Simulation of an experimental protocol designed to elicit propagating unstable wavelets.
  • Analysis of wavelet shape, propagation velocity, and dependence on stimulus parameters, ionic conductances, and tissue coupling.

Main Results:

  • Propagating unstable wavelets (PUWs) were successfully elicited and simulated as fixed-shape wavelets.
  • PUWs propagate unidirectionally along cardiac fibers at approximately 40% slower velocity than normal action potentials.
  • PUWs were demonstrated not to be true solitons, with elicitation requiring a narrow range of stimuli and being influenced by sodium conductance and anisotropic coupling.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first simulation of propagating unstable wavelets in cardiac tissue.
  • PUWs exhibit unique propagation characteristics distinct from true solitons.
  • Findings suggest that specific ionic and structural properties of cardiac tissue significantly influence the occurrence of these wave-like phenomena.