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Updated: May 24, 2026

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

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Published on: November 15, 2013

Resolving the ghost problem in nonlinear massive gravity.

S F Hassan1, Rachel A Rosen

  • 1Department of Physics & The Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study demonstrates a consistent nonlinear massive gravity theory by showing the Hamiltonian constraint is maintained, eliminating the Boulware-Deser ghost. This breakthrough confirms a ghost-free massive gravity model in four dimensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical physics
  • Gravitational physics

Background:

  • Nonlinear massive gravity models are a recent area of research.
  • The Boulware-Deser ghost is a known pathological issue in massive gravity theories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the ghost issue in nonlinear massive gravity models.
  • To demonstrate the existence of a consistent nonlinear massive gravity theory.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis within the Arnowitt-Deser-Misner (ADM) formalism.
  • Examination of a two-parameter family of actions.
  • Investigation of Hamiltonian and secondary constraints.

Main Results:

  • The Hamiltonian constraint is maintained at the nonlinear level.
  • A nontrivial secondary constraint exists.
  • The pathological Boulware-Deser ghost is absent to all orders.

Conclusions:

  • This work presents the first demonstration of a consistent nonlinear massive gravity theory.
  • The findings confirm a ghost-free massive gravity model in four dimensions.