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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Quantum memory assisted probing of dynamical spin correlations.

O Romero-Isart1, M Rizzi, C A Muschik

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We present a new method to study time-dependent correlations in ultracold lattice gases using a quantum memory. This approach allows for the retrieval of correlations at multiple time points with a single measurement.

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Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) physics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Studying time-dependent correlations in many-body systems is crucial for understanding quantum phenomena.
  • Existing methods face challenges in probing dynamics of ultracold lattice gases, especially out of equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for probing time-dependent correlations of nontrivial observables in many-body ultracold lattice gases.
  • To enable the study of quantum system dynamics using quantum memories.

Main Methods:

  • A quantum nondemolition matter-light interface is employed.
  • Information about the observable is mapped from the many-body system to light.
  • This information is coherently stored in an external quantum memory.

Main Results:

  • Correlations at multiple time instances can be retrieved with a single final measurement.
  • The quantum memory facilitates the readout of stored correlation information.
  • The proposed scheme allows for the study of dynamics in and out of equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a new tool for investigating complex quantum systems.
  • Quantum memories are shown to be effective for retrieving time-dependent correlation data.
  • This technique advances the capabilities of quantum simulators for studying many-body dynamics.