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Related Concept Videos

Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key aspect...
Design Example: Designing Water Slide01:18

Design Example: Designing Water Slide

When designing a water slide, controlling the speed of water flow is crucial for rider safety while maintaining an exciting experience. As water flows down the slide, gravity causes it to accelerate, with its speed at the bottom depending on the height from which it starts. The higher the slide, the more potential energy the water has at the top, which is converted into kinetic energy as it descends, increasing its speed.
Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide.
Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building01:26

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground cistern.
Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability01:14

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
To address...
Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc01:17

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...
Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher01:12

Design Example: Flow Through a Fire Extinguisher

A fire extinguisher that uses pressurized water relies on fluid dynamics principles to generate a high-velocity stream capable of suppressing flames. The water is stored at a much higher pressure inside the extinguisher than the surrounding atmosphere. This pressure difference forces the water to flow rapidly when the extinguisher is activated, and the behavior of the water as it exits the nozzle can be understood using fundamental equations of fluid dynamics.
The key to understanding how the...

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Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Fostering design for avoiding small parts in commonly used objects.

Ton de Koning1, Francesca Foltran, Dario Gregori

  • 1Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Region Southwest, PO Box 3000, 3330 DC Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands. ton.de-koning@vwa.nl

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accidental ingestion of small parts, often from stationery, causes injuries in children. Adult supervision is crucial for preventing complications from foreign body incidents.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Product Safety

Background:

  • Accidental ingestion and aspiration of small parts are significant concerns, particularly in children under four.
  • Prevention strategies are key to reducing the frequency of these incidents.
  • Manufacturing design and global legislation aim to mitigate risks associated with small parts in consumer products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current landscape of design projects and legislation worldwide aimed at preventing accidental injuries from small parts.
  • To investigate the characteristics and outcomes of foreign body injuries in children.

Main Methods:

  • Data sourced from the Susy Safe registry, an international database of foreign body injuries in children aged 0-14 years.
  • Prospective data collection from June 2005, supplemented with historical data.
  • Information gathered includes child demographics, foreign body characteristics (location, shape, volume, consistency), complications, hospitalization, and behavioral aspects like adult supervision.

Main Results:

  • Stationery items were the most frequent cause of small part injuries.
  • The nose was the most common location for foreign bodies (56.7%), followed by the ears (31.5%).
  • Children over 3 years old were most affected; males had higher incidence in locations other than the nose.
  • Hospitalization occurred in 32% of cases, with complications in 16%. The nose was the most frequent site of complications (80.3%), often resulting in infection.
  • Foreign body volume and ellipticity decreased with age.
  • Rigid small parts were more frequently involved in injuries.
  • 80% of children were playing, and 65.3% were supervised; adult presence was associated with fewer complications (p=0.04).

Conclusions:

  • Primary prevention through active adult supervision is vital for children handling potentially dangerous foreign bodies.
  • While adult presence may not prevent all incidents, it significantly reduces the severity and complications of foreign body aspiration, ingestion, insertion, or inhalation.