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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
09:45

Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: August 21, 2019

Radon and lung cancer.

Tarsheen K Sethi1, Moataz N El-Ghamry, Goetz H Kloecker

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.

Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology : H&O
|March 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Radon exposure is a significant cause of lung cancer, second only to smoking. Reducing indoor radon levels is crucial for lung cancer prevention, especially for smokers.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Oncology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • Radon gas exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer, after tobacco smoke.
  • Radon acts as an independent risk factor and exacerbates lung cancer risk in smokers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established evidence on radon's carcinogenicity.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of radon-induced DNA damage and synergistic effects with smoking.
  • To highlight the public health importance of radon mitigation for lung cancer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological cohort, case-control, and experimental studies on radon exposure and lung cancer.
  • Analysis of postulated molecular mechanisms, including DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
09:45

Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: August 21, 2019

  • Examination of radon's contribution to annual lung cancer deaths and regulatory guidelines.

    • Main Results:

    • Radon is a proven carcinogen, responsible for an estimated 21,000 lung cancer deaths annually in the US.
    • Alpha particle emission from radon can cause DNA damage, potentially via ROS.
    • ROS may mediate the synergistic carcinogenic effect between radon and tobacco smoke.
    • The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set an indoor radon limit of 4 picocuries/L.

    Conclusions:

    • Radon is a significant environmental risk factor for lung cancer.
    • Radon mitigation strategies are essential public health measures.
    • Combining radon reduction with smoking cessation is recommended for comprehensive lung cancer prevention efforts.