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Bilayer Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Plug Production

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Published on: December 1, 2023

Experimental validation of plugging during drop formation in a T-junction.

Adam R Abate¹, Pascaline Mary, Volkert van Steijn

¹School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. adam.abate@ucsf.edu

|March 10, 2012

Summary

Researchers experimentally observed pressure dynamics during T-junction drop formation. They confirmed the squeezing mechanism and discovered oscillating pressures in both fluids, indicating a combined squeezing-shearing mechanism even at high capillary numbers.

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Area of Science:

Fluid Dynamics
Microfluidics
Interfacial Science

Background:

Drop formation in T-junctions at low capillary numbers is primarily governed by interfacial effects.
The
squeezing
mechanism, where continuous fluid pressure pinches off dispersed fluid, is theoretically understood but experimentally unverified regarding pressure dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally investigate and validate the pressure dynamics during T-junction drop formation.
To identify the precise pressure changes responsible for drop pinch-off.
To explore the influence of capillary number on pressure oscillations and the underlying formation mechanism.

Main Methods:

Development and utilization of novel Laplace sensors for high-speed, localized pressure measurements within a T-junction.
Empirical study of pressure variations in both continuous and dispersed fluid phases during the drop formation process.
Analysis of pressure data across a range of capillary numbers to determine the dominant formation mechanisms.

Main Results:

Experimental confirmation of the pressure rise predicted by the
squeezing
mechanism.
Discovery of anti-phase pressure oscillations between the continuous and dispersed fluid phases.
Observation that pressure oscillations persist even at high capillary numbers, indicating a combined formation mechanism.

Conclusions:

The study validates the
squeezing
mechanism and provides the first experimental evidence of the associated pressure dynamics.
Drop formation in confined geometries involves a combination of squeezing and shearing forces, not solely shear-driven, even under conditions favoring monodisperse drop production.
The findings offer crucial insights into microfluidic drop generation and control.