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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
Different phosphoinositides are synthesized and recruited on the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. The localization of specific phosphoinositides concentrated in separate membrane...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
What are Second Messengers?01:12

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Increasing Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-Bisphosphate Biosynthesis Affects Basal Signaling and Chloroplast Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2016
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Do phosphoinositides regulate membrane water permeability of tobacco protoplasts by enhancing the aquaporin pathway?

Planta·2014
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Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate influences PIN polarization by controlling clathrin-mediated membrane trafficking in Arabidopsis.

The Plant cell·2013
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Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase assays.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2013
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Increasing phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate biosynthesis affects plant nuclear lipids and nuclear functions.

Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB·2012
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
08:07

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

Phosphoinositide signaling.

Wendy F Boss1, Yang Ju Im

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7649, USA. wendy_boss@ncsu.edu

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Plant cells use negatively charged phospholipids, like inositol phospholipids, as molecular sensors. These lipids regulate metabolic flux and signal transduction, even in unstimulated cells, enabling complex responses.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Lipid Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cellular signaling pathways are dynamic and involve constant metabolic flux, even in unstimulated cells.
  • Negatively charged phospholipids, particularly polyphosphorylated inositol phospholipids, act as crucial regulators of cellular processes.
  • These phospholipids form a charged membrane environment sensitive to metabolic changes like pH and cation concentrations, influencing cellular signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of inositol phospholipids in plant signaling.
  • To highlight their function as molecular sensors and regulators of metabolic flux in plants.
  • To discuss the complexity of plant signal integration in fluctuating cellular environments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on lipid signaling in plants.

More Related Videos

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
10:52

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

Published on: January 6, 2016

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
08:07

Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

Published on: July 26, 2019

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
10:52

Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation

Published on: January 6, 2016

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
07:26

Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes

Published on: October 15, 2016

  • Analysis of the regulatory functions of polyphosphorylated inositol phospholipids.
  • Discussion of how metabolic fluxes influence phospholipid-based signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • Inositol phospholipids act as adaptable molecular switches, controlling protein interactions at the cell membrane.
    • These lipids are sensitive to cellular metabolic status, integrating signals related to pH and ion concentrations.
    • Basal signaling, mediated by phospholipids, is a continuous process in plant cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Inositol phospholipids are key players in plant signal transduction, functioning as sensors and regulators of metabolic flux.
    • Understanding these lipid-based signaling mechanisms is essential for deciphering complex plant responses.
    • The dynamic nature of cellular signaling requires a focus on fluctuating metabolic states and their impact on lipid regulation.