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Related Concept Videos

Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
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Bacterial Protein Maturation

Bacterial protein maturation is a tightly regulated process that ensures newly synthesized polypeptides achieve correct functional conformations. This maturation involves a series of modifications, folding events, and quality control steps, often assisted by specialized chaperone proteins.N-Terminal ModificationsThe maturation of bacterial polypeptides begins cotranslationally as the polypeptide exits the ribosome. The first amino acid, N-formylmethionine (fMet), is typically modified at the...
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Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
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What are Viruses?

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
09:47

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly

Published on: March 1, 2012

Virus maturation.

David Veesler1, John E Johnson

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. dveesler@scripps.edu

Annual Review of Biophysics
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Virus maturation processes vary significantly across different virus types, from simple RNA viruses to complex bacteriophages and herpesviruses. Despite diverse evolutionary paths, viral maturation represents a convergent process essential for biological function.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Virus maturation is a critical stage in the viral life cycle, involving complex assembly and structural changes.
  • Understanding maturation pathways provides insights into viral evolution and potential therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively analyze virus maturation processes across diverse viral families.
  • To investigate the evolutionary origins and convergence of viral maturation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of published data on virus assembly and maturation.
  • Examination of single-stranded RNA viruses (nonenveloped and enveloped), retroviruses, bacteriophages, and herpesviruses.
  • Evolutionary analysis to infer common ancestry and divergence.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in maturation processes observed, ranging from subtle in nodaviruses and picornaviruses to dramatic in tetraviruses and togaviruses.
  • HIV maturation pathway contrasted with the efficient processes in togaviruses.
  • Evidence for divergent evolution in RNA viruses and a shared common ancestor for bacteriophages and herpesviruses.

Conclusions:

  • Viral maturation is a convergent evolutionary process, driven by the need to reconcile conflicting biological demands.
  • Despite divergent evolutionary trajectories, distinct viral groups exhibit similar solutions for maturation.
  • Comparative virology highlights the interplay between evolutionary history and functional adaptation in virus assembly.