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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors
16:49

Two Methods of Heterokaryon Formation to Discover HCV Restriction Factors

Published on: July 16, 2012

Lymphotropic hepatitis C virus has an interferon-resistant phenotype.

M Inokuchi1, T Ito, H Nozawa

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of Viral Hepatitis
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects B cells, impacting interferon therapy effectiveness. Higher HCV RNA in B cells predicts poor treatment response, especially with specific genetic factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects B cells, causing immune dysfunction and potential therapy resistance.
  • B-cell activation by HCV is linked to lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of B-cell-tropic HCV infection on the efficacy of interferon (IFN)-based therapies.
  • To identify predictive factors for treatment response in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 102 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated IFN plus ribavirin.
  • Comparison of HCV RNA levels in B cells among different viral responder groups (RVR, SVR, NVR).
  • Multivariable analysis of B-cell HCV RNA, IL28B polymorphism (rs8099917), and other factors for treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significantly higher HCV RNA levels in B cells were observed in non-RVR, non-SVR, and NVR groups.
  • Positive B-cell HCV RNA and the IL28B polymorphism rs8099917 were independent predictors of null viral response (NVR) in HCV genotype 1.
  • Combined analysis of these factors showed high predictive values (92.3-98.2%) for NVR.

Conclusions:

  • B-cell-tropic HCV exhibits an interferon-resistant phenotype.
  • B-cell HCV RNA positivity is a significant predictive factor for resistance to IFN-based therapy.
  • HCV's interaction with B cells plays a crucial role in treatment outcomes.