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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Tarsometatarsal joint complex and midtarsal injuries.

M H Arastu1, R E Buckley

  • 1Orthopaedics Surgery, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This review covers midfoot anatomy, injury mechanisms, and classification. It examines diagnosis, treatment options, evidence, and management guidelines for midfoot injuries.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Midfoot injuries are common in athletic and daily activities.
  • Understanding midfoot biomechanics is crucial for effective management.
  • Current literature presents varied approaches to midfoot injury treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of midfoot anatomy and injury.
  • To analyze current diagnostic and classification systems for midfoot injuries.
  • To evaluate evidence-based treatment options and management guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical studies, injury mechanisms, and clinical trials.
  • Analysis of existing classification systems for midfoot injuries.
  • Synthesis of evidence supporting current treatment modalities.

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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
09:14

A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability

Published on: October 28, 2022

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Main Results:

  • Detailed review of midfoot osteology and syndesmology.
  • Discussion of common injury mechanisms and their classification.
  • Evidence-based assessment of surgical and non-surgical treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Midfoot injuries require a thorough understanding of anatomy and biomechanics.
  • Standardized classification and evidence-based treatments are essential for optimal outcomes.
  • Further research is needed in areas of treatment uncertainty for midfoot injuries.