Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Structure of a Gene

Structure of a Gene

A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Author Correction: The DExD/H-box helicase Dicer-2 mediates the induction of antiviral activity in drosophila.

Nature immunology·2024

Same author

Introduction to Genome Biology and Diversity.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2019

Same author

SignaLink: Multilayered Regulatory Networks.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2018

Same author

Correction: The Compartmentalized Bacteria of the Planctomycetes-Verrucomicrobia-Chlamydiae Superphylum Have Membrane Coat-Like Proteins.

PLoS biology·2018

Same author

A quick guide for building a successful bioinformatics community.

PLoS computational biology·2015

Same author

Ten simple rules for organizing an unconference.

PLoS computational biology·2015

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data

Published on: December 13, 2024

Introduction to genome biology: features, processes, and structures.

¹European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany. budd@embl-heidelberg.de

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|March 13, 2012

Summary

This article provides essential genome biology context for computational scientists, covering cell types, genome structure, key genomic regions, and molecular processes like transcription and translation.

More Related Videos

Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project

Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project

Published on: April 8, 2017

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data

Introductory Analysis and Validation of CUT&RUN Sequencing Data

Published on: December 13, 2024

Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project

Transcriptomic Analysis of C. elegans RNA Sequencing Data Through the Tuxedo Suite on the Galaxy Project

Published on: April 8, 2017

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Hi-C: A Method to Study the Three-dimensional Architecture of Genomes.

Published on: May 6, 2010

Area of Science:

Genomics
Computational Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Genomic analyses increasingly rely on advanced statistical and computational methods.
Researchers developing these methods often have backgrounds in computation, physics, or mathematics.
A gap exists in readily accessible biological context for these scientists.

Purpose of the Study:

To offer a concise overview of fundamental genome biology.
To provide essential biological context for computational scientists analyzing genomic data.
To bridge the knowledge gap between computational approaches and biological interpretation.

Main Methods:

Review and synthesis of core concepts in molecular and cellular biology relevant to genomics.
Focus on biological features, processes, and structures pertinent to computational analysis.
Inclusion of a glossary for key terminology.

Main Results:

Detailed explanation of eukaryotic versus prokaryotic cell differences.
Description of genome physical structure, including chromatin organization.
Categorization of genomic regions (coding, regulatory, repetitive, architectural) and their functions.
Overview of the cell cycle, transcription, translation, and protein structure.
Provision of a glossary of essential terms.

Conclusions:

This overview equips computational scientists with the necessary biological knowledge for genomic research.
Understanding biological context enhances the application and development of computational tools for genomics.
Facilitates interdisciplinary collaboration between computational and biological sciences.