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Multi-Aperture CMOS Sun Sensor for Microsatellite Attitude Determination.

Giancarlo Rufino1, Michele Grassi

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80 Piazzale Tecchio, 80125, Naples, Italy;

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new high-precision digital sun sensor uses multiple apertures and CMOS technology for accurate sun line orientation. This innovative sensor achieves arcsecond-level precision, enhancing space navigation capabilities.

Keywords:
calibrationneural networkssatellite attitude determinationsun sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Spacecraft instrumentation
  • Optical sensing technologies

Background:

  • Accurate sun line determination is crucial for spacecraft attitude control and navigation.
  • Existing sun sensors face limitations in precision and field of view adaptability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a high-precision digital sun sensor with enhanced accuracy and computational efficiency.
  • To explore the benefits of multiple apertures and adaptive sun spot acquisition for improved performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CMOS technology and an innovative optical head with multiple apertures for simultaneous sun spot acquisition.
  • Implemented signal averaging techniques to minimize computational load for sun line extraction.
  • Employed neural networks for an original sun sensor calibration function design.
  • Conducted extensive laboratory testing simulating various solar conditions.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated improved precision through the use of multiple apertures.
  • Validated sensor operation with a variable number of sun spots, adapting to different fields of view.
  • Achieved high accuracy and precision, on the order of 1 arcmin and 1 arcsec, respectively.
  • Confirmed the sensor concept through rigorous laboratory testing.

Conclusions:

  • The developed digital sun sensor offers significant improvements in precision and accuracy for sun line orientation.
  • The multi-aperture design and adaptive spot acquisition provide flexibility and enhanced performance.
  • The sensor is a promising technology for future space missions requiring precise attitude determination.