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Related Concept Videos

Net Change Theorem01:22

Net Change Theorem

The Net Change Theorem is a fundamental principle in calculus that establishes a direct relationship between a function’s rate of change and its accumulated change over an interval. Mathematically, it states that the definite integral of a function's derivative over a given interval [a,b] yields the net change in the original function:This theorem has significant applications in various real-world scenarios, including physics, economics, and engineering. A particularly useful application is in...
Norton's Theorem01:14

Norton's Theorem

Norton's theorem is a fundamental principle stating that a linear two-terminal circuit can be substituted with an equivalent circuit, which comprises a current source (ⅠN) in parallel with a resistor (RN). Here, ⅠN represents the short-circuit current flowing through the terminals, and RN stands for the input or equivalent resistance at the terminals when all independent sources are deactivated. This implies that the circuit illustrated in Figure (a) can be exchanged with the one depicted in...
Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle01:08

Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle

The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
A Frost circle is constructed by drawing a polygon whose number of edges is equal to the number of carbons of the given cyclic system, with one of the vertices pointing down. Then, a circle is drawn enclosing the polygon so that...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Interference: Path Lengths01:10

Interference: Path Lengths

Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same.
Two special sources may be considered when they are in phase. This can be easily achieved by feeding the two sources from the same source. An example would be synchronizing the two speakers by feeding them with the same source, such as the sound waves produced by a tuning fork. This setup ensures that the two sources have the same frequency and are...
Mesh Analysis01:20

Mesh Analysis

Mesh analysis is a valuable method for simplifying circuit analysis using mesh currents as key circuit variables. Unlike nodal analysis, which focuses on determining unknown voltages, mesh analysis applies Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) to find unknown currents within a circuit. This method is particularly convenient in reducing the number of simultaneous equations that need to be solved.
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

A Hop-Count Analysis Scheme for Avoiding Wormhole Attacks in MANET.

Shang-Ming Jen1, Chi-Sung Laih, Wen-Chung Kuo

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University / EE Building 92975R, No.1, Da-Shuei Rd., Tainan City 701, Taiwan; E-Mails: smjen@crypto.ee.ncku.edu.tw (S.-M.J.); laihcs@eembox.ncku.edu.tw (C.-S.L.).

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces the Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) Wormhole attack detection protocol, MHA. MHA offers a user-centric approach to identify these attacks without needing administrator privileges or special network setups.

Keywords:
MHAad hoc networkhop-count analysisnetwork securitywormhole attack

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security

Background:

  • Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are susceptible to security vulnerabilities due to their wireless nature.
  • Wormhole attacks are a significant threat in MANETs, disrupting routing without compromising individual nodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel protocol for detecting Wormhole attacks in MANETs.
  • To offer a decentralized, user-based detection method that bypasses administrator-dependent strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of the Mobile Host Anomaly (MHA) detection protocol.
  • Utilizing hop-count analysis from a user's perspective.
  • Evaluating MHA against previous administrator-reliant methods.

Main Results:

  • MHA effectively detects Wormhole attacks without requiring administrator intervention.
  • The protocol operates without necessitating specialized network environments or assumptions.
  • Demonstrated advantages over existing Wormhole attack detection techniques.

Conclusions:

  • MHA provides an efficient and practical solution for Wormhole attack detection in MANETs.
  • The user-centric, hop-count based approach enhances security and usability in wireless networks.