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Controlling access to suicide means.

Marco Sarchiapone1, Laura Mandelli, Miriam Iosue

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, Campobasso 86100, Italy. marco.sarchiapone@me.com

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Restricting access to common suicide methods like firearms and pesticides effectively reduces suicide deaths. This strategy, when combined with others, is a key component of suicide prevention efforts.

Keywords:
means of suiciderestriction of meanssuicide

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Psychiatry
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Suicide prevention strategies are crucial for public health.
  • Restricting access to lethal means is a recognized intervention.
  • Understanding method choice in suicide is vital for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empirical and clinical literature on controlling access to suicide means.
  • To summarize evidence on the effectiveness of restricting access to suicide methods.
  • To inform suicide prevention strategies through literature synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library.
  • Inclusion of English articles using keywords such as "suicide means" and "suicide prevention".
  • Analysis of empirical and clinical data on suicide means restriction.

Main Results:

  • Easy access to suicide methods influences method choice.
  • Restrictions on firearms, toxic gas, pesticides, and jumping sites reduce suicide rates.
  • Limiting access to certain medications (e.g., barbiturates, paracetamol) and promoting SSRIs also impact suicide rates.

Conclusions:

  • Restricting access to lethal suicide means is effective, especially for popular, lethal, and widely available methods.
  • Means substitution is a potential risk, necessitating integrated prevention strategies.
  • Combining means restriction with other suicide prevention methods enhances overall effectiveness.