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Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
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Ictal syncope: A neurologist's perspective.

Riaz Ahmed Syed1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Neurology, King Fahad Military Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences
|March 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seizures in children can rarely cause isolated syncope, often misdiagnosed as cardiac issues. This case highlights the critical need for accurate diagnosis in pediatric syncope to prevent fatal outcomes.

Keywords:
Electrocardiographyelectroencephalographyictal syncopesick sinus syndrome

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Published on: April 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Clinical Cardiology
  • Epilepsy Diagnosis

Background:

  • Syncope in children is a common presentation with diverse etiologies.
  • Seizures are an uncommon cause of isolated syncope, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Misdiagnosis as cardiac dysrhythmias can lead to delayed or inappropriate treatment.

Observation:

  • A case of a child presenting with isolated syncope is described.
  • The syncope episodes were initially suspected to be primary cardiac dysrhythmias.
  • Despite medical intervention, the child experienced a fatal outcome.

Findings:

  • Isolated syncope can be a rare but serious manifestation of underlying seizures in pediatric patients.
  • The clinical presentation of seizure-induced syncope can mimic cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Diagnostic evaluation for syncope in children should consider epilepsy as a differential diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering non-cardiac causes, specifically epilepsy, in the differential diagnosis of pediatric syncope.
  • Underscores the potential for misdiagnosis and the critical need for accurate diagnostic tools and approaches in pediatric neurology.
  • Emphasizes the potentially fatal consequences of delayed or incorrect diagnosis and treatment of seizure-related syncope in children.