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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectrometers: Overview01:20

NMR Spectrometers: Overview

NMR spectrometers consist of a strong magnet, a radiofrequency transmitter, and a detector attached to a computer console for recording spectra of samples containing NMR-active nuclei. In first-generation NMR instruments called continuous-wave spectrometers, the resonance frequencies of the nuclei are determined by frequency-sweep or field-sweep methods. The magnetic field strength is fixed and the rf signal is swept in the former, while the radiofrequency signal is fixed and the magnetic field...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview01:15

NMR Spectroscopy: Chemical Shift Overview

The position of the absorption signal of a sample is reported relative to the position of the signal of tetramethylsilane (TMS), which is added as an internal reference while recording spectra. The difference between the absorption frequencies of the sample and TMS (in Hz) is divided by the spectrometer operating frequency (in MHz) to obtain a dimensionless quantity called the chemical shift. It is reported on the δ (delta) scale and expressed in parts per million.
For instance, the proton...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...

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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis
14:53

A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis

Published on: September 10, 2014

Contactless NMR spectroscopy on a chip.

Herbert Ryan1, Suk-Heung Song, Anja Zaß

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aeropspace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is integrated with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices using inductively coupled planar resonators. This approach achieves a sensitive limit of detection for small sample volumes.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Inductively coupled planar resonators enable high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.
  • Integration with microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices is crucial for miniaturized analysis.
  • Planar resonators offer a pathway for enhanced sensitivity in small-volume analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize inductively coupled planar resonators for microfluidic NMR spectroscopy.
  • To evaluate the performance and sensitivity of these resonators for small sample volumes.
  • To compare the sensitivity of planar resonators with existing micro-NMR probe technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of planar spiral resonators using lithography, gold electroplating, or copper etching.
  • Performance characterization through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging and spectroscopy.
  • Determination of the limit of detection (LOD) for small sample volumes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a single-scan limit of detection (LOD(t)) of 0.95 nmol s(1/2).
  • Demonstrated successful operation with sample volumes as low as 1 μL.
  • NMR imaging and spectroscopy confirmed resonator performance.

Conclusions:

  • Inductively coupled planar resonators provide a viable method for integrating high-resolution NMR with microfluidic devices.
  • The developed resonators offer comparable sensitivity to microstripline and microslot probes.
  • This technology holds promise for sensitive, small-volume NMR analyses in lab-on-a-chip systems.