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Updated: May 24, 2026
Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
Published on: April 11, 2019
Accessibility, standards and challenges of electroconvulsive therapy in Western industrialized countries: a German
Nico Loh1, Thomas Nickl-Jockschat, Abigail Jane Sheldrick
1Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
Objectives:
The aim of the study was to document the present situation of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Germany, compare its handling with regard to other industrialized countries and with regard to a survey 12 years ago.
Methods:
A questionnaire on the frequency and type of administration of ECT in 2008 was sent electronically to 423 psychiatric hospitals. As needed, up to five reminders were carried out by telephone. On this occasion, the question of whether ECT is administered, could be clarified for each hospital.
Results:
A total of 43% (183/423) of hospitals declared to administer ECT; 63% (115/183) reported nearly 20,000 treatments. A total incidence of 30,000 treatments performed on 2800 individual patients was estimated. This means that 3.4 patients per 10(5) inhabitants, 0.4‰ of all depressed patients, and about 1% of depressed inpatients, are treated with ECT in Germany.
Conclusions:
The frequency of application has increased during the last 12 years by a factor of more than 2.5 in Germany. In Western industrialized countries, numbers vary by a factor of more than 10 amongst the countries with a slow trend of equalization. The mode of implementation and the areas of conflict in which the therapy stands seem to be similar.
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