Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

Real Time RT-PCR

Real Time RT-PCR

Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
The real-time quantification of the number of amplified products is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Application of QPS- and GRAS-status microorganisms and bacteriocins for sustainable food preservation.

International journal of food microbiology·2026

Same author

<i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>infantis</i> CCFM1269 alleviates neonatal maternal separation-induced colic in rats by regulating serotonin metabolism, the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway and gut microbiota.

Food & function·2026

Same author

Yeast β-glucan supplementation supports immunometabolic anti-tumor responses and reverses obesity-induced dysfunction via trained hematopoiesis.

Cell reports·2026

Same author

Dietary transition to an Indigenous Greenlandic diet induces instant shifts in gut microbiota composition - a pilot intervention study.

Frontiers in microbiomes·2026

Same author

From microbiomes to predictive ecosystems: challenges and opportunities in artificial intelligence-based approaches.

The Lancet. Microbe·2026

Same author

The Hungate1000 prokaryotic culture collection encodes a wide variety of bacteriocins.

mSystems·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Published on: March 10, 2020

Cronobacter spp. in powdered infant formula.

Sarah Norberg¹, Catherine Stanton, R Paul Ross

¹Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.

Journal of Food Protection

|March 14, 2012

Summary

Cronobacter bacteria pose a severe health risk, particularly in powdered infant formula. This review covers Cronobacter risks, detection, and safe formula preparation guidelines to prevent infant infections.

More Related Videos

Enrichment and Detection of Clostridium perfringens Toxinotypes in Retail Food Samples

Enrichment and Detection of Clostridium perfringens Toxinotypes in Retail Food Samples

Published on: October 18, 2019

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Culture Methods to Determine the Limit of Detection and Survival in Transport Media of Campylobacter Jejuni in Human Fecal Specimens

Published on: March 10, 2020

Enrichment and Detection of Clostridium perfringens Toxinotypes in Retail Food Samples

Enrichment and Detection of Clostridium perfringens Toxinotypes in Retail Food Samples

Published on: October 18, 2019

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Probiotic Studies in Neonatal Mice Using Gavage

Published on: January 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Food Safety
Public Health

Background:

Cronobacter species are opportunistic pathogens with high mortality rates (40-80%).
Infant infections linked to powdered infant formula have led to global recalls.
Cronobacter causes severe diseases like meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review Cronobacter taxonomy, habitat, physiology, pathogenicity, and virulence.
To discuss detection methods for Cronobacter.
To examine infant formula contamination cases and WHO preparation guidelines.

Main Methods:

Literature review of Cronobacter species.
Analysis of reported infant formula contamination cases.
Examination of World Health Organization guidelines.

Main Results:

Cronobacter contamination of powdered infant formula is a significant global issue.
Powdered infant formula has been a major source of Cronobacter outbreaks since 1958.
Understanding Cronobacter's characteristics is crucial for prevention.

Conclusions:

Cronobacter poses a serious threat to infant health via contaminated powdered formula.
Effective detection and adherence to preparation guidelines are vital.
Continued vigilance is necessary to protect infants from Cronobacter infections.