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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview

Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for electronic transitions. As a result...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers
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An Experimental Protocol for Femtosecond NIR/UV - XUV Pump-Probe Experiments with Free-Electron Lasers

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The Diffuse Interstellar Cloud Experiment: a high-resolution far-ultraviolet spectrograph.

Eric Schindhelm1, Matthew Beasley, Eric B Burgh

  • 1Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Duane Physics Building C333, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA. eric.schindhelm@colorado.edu

Applied Optics
|March 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A new sounding rocket payload enables high-resolution far-ultraviolet spectroscopy. This instrument provides new insights into hot gas processes in the local interstellar medium by observing the O VI doublet.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Space Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • The local interstellar medium contains hot gas, crucial for understanding galactic evolution.
  • Observing the O VI doublet is key to probing these hot gas regions.
  • Previous spectroscopic methods lacked the required resolution and compactness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design, assemble, and launch a sounding rocket payload for high-resolution far-ultraviolet spectroscopy.
  • To investigate the physical processes governing hot gas in the local interstellar medium.
  • To obtain new insights into the O VI doublet absorption.

Main Methods:

  • A Cassegrain telescope followed by a modified Rowland spectrograph was designed.
  • A compact spectrograph design achieved a resolving power of 60,000 using a magnifying secondary optic.
  • Holographically ruled gratings minimized aberrations induced by the secondary optic.

Main Results:

  • The sounding rocket payload was successfully designed, assembled, and launched.
  • The instrument achieved high-resolution far-ultraviolet spectroscopy.
  • Optical design and alignment of the telescope and spectrograph were presented alongside flight results.

Conclusions:

  • The developed instrument is capable of high-resolution far-ultraviolet spectroscopy.
  • The payload successfully obtained spectra of the O VI doublet.
  • This technology offers new avenues for studying the local interstellar medium's hot gas.