Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 24, 2026

Quantification of Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate-based Micro- and Nano-plastics from Soil Using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published on: June 6, 2025
Adsorptive removal of Pb2+ form aqueous solution by macrocyclic calix[4]naphthalene: kinetic, thermodynamic, and
Rais Ahmad1, Rajeev Kumar, Mohammad Asaduddin Laskar
1Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
Background:
The adsorption characteristics of Pb(2+) ions from aqueous solutions onto calix[4]naphthalene have been investigated.
Method:
Calix[4]naphthalene was prepared by the condensation of 1-naphthol and formaldehyde (1:2) in presence of hydrochloric acid at 80 °C. The effect of various operation parameters, such as solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, contact time, and temperature, on the adsorption capacity of calix[4]naphthalene for Pb(2+) have been investigated.
Result:
Experimental results showed that the adsorption of Pb(2+) ions increased with the increase in solution pH and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were used to describe the adsorption behavior of Pb(2+) by calix[4]naphthalene. Equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacity of calix[4]naphthalene for Pb(2+) at 30 °C was found to be 29.15 mg g(-1). Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo-second order model and the thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The obtained results demonstrated that calix[4]naphthalene can be used as an effective adsorbent for Pb(2+) ions removal from water.
More Related Videos
10:42Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
Published on: December 29, 2016
10:44Preparation of Biomass-based Mesoporous Carbon with Higher Nitrogen-/Oxygen-chelating Adsorption for Cu(II) Through Microwave Pre-Pyrolysis
Published on: February 12, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Adsorption Isotherms I
Extraction: Advanced Methods
Precipitation of Ions
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Adsorption Isotherms II