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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers01:08

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

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Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Epilepsy and epileptic syndrome.

Tomonori Ono1, Aristea S Galanopoulou

  • 1Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|March 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy, shares progressive pathways with neurodegeneration. Research explores targets for neuroprotective therapies and early biomarkers to modify disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, but some patients develop cognitive and psychiatric issues, resembling neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Medically-intractable epilepsies can lead to significant functional limitations due to memory impairment and behavioral abnormalities.
  • Factors like seizures, epileptogenesis, underlying causes, and epigenetic influences contribute to epilepsy's progressive nature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the progressive nature of epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration, focusing on temporal lobe epilepsy.
  • To identify common or interacting pathways shared by epilepsy and neurodegeneration.
  • To explore potential neuroprotective therapy targets and early biomarkers for disease modification.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of clinical and experimental studies on epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration.
  • Focus on findings from temporal lobe epilepsy research.
  • Analysis of potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration in temporal lobe epilepsy are progressive processes.
  • Evidence suggests common or interacting molecular pathways underlie both conditions.
  • Identification of potential targets for neuroprotective interventions and early diagnostic markers.

Conclusions:

  • Epilepsy and neurodegeneration share progressive mechanisms, particularly in temporal lobe epilepsy.
  • Targeting common pathways may offer neuroprotective strategies.
  • Early identification of biomarkers is crucial for disease-modifying therapies.