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Updated: May 24, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
A comparison of sensitized Ln(III) emission using pyridine- and pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylates
1School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. egmoore@unimelb.edu.au
Abstract:
The synthesis, X-ray structure, solution stability, and photophysical properties of Eu(III) complexes with pyrazine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)PYZ) are reported, and compared to structurally analogous complexes with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H(2)DPA). The [Eu(PYZ)(3)](3-) complex demonstrates highly efficient metal-centered Eu(III) luminescence in the solid state (Φ(total) ∼ 60.9%). In aqueous solution, moderate stability is retained at pH 7.4 (pEu ∼ 10.5), although hydrolysis of the complex anion becomes competitive below mM concentrations, and the observed luminescence intensity from the Eu(III) metal ion is reduced as a result. A complete evaluation of the thermodynamic solution stability has allowed the observed differences in the solution behaviour luminescence properties of these complexes to be rationalized. An analysis of their luminescence behaviour in the solid state has also allowed a direct comparison of the sensitisation behaviour for these isostructural compounds.
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