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The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
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Summary

This study details the molecular structure of a novel compound, C(9)H(9)N(3)O(9), focusing on the spatial arrangement of its nitro and methoxy groups. Crystal packing analysis reveals weak C-H⋯O interactions influencing its solid-state structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Molecular Structure

Background:

  • Understanding the precise three-dimensional arrangement of functional groups in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
  • Nitro and methoxy groups significantly influence a molecule's electronic and steric characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed molecular geometry of the title compound, C(9)H(9)N(3)O(9).
  • To investigate the spatial orientation of nitro and methoxy substituents relative to the benzene ring.
  • To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the precise atomic coordinates and bond parameters.
  • Analysis of the crystal structure to quantify the tilt angles of nitro groups and deviations of methoxy methyl carbons from the benzene plane.

Main Results:

  • The three nitro groups exhibit significant tilting relative to the benzene mean plane, with angles of 75.8(1)°, 27.7(1)°, and 68.1(1)°.
  • The methyl carbons of the methoxy groups show deviations from the benzene plane of 0.976(4), -1.425(4), and 0.632(4) Å.
  • Weak C-H⋯O interactions were identified as the primary forces in the crystal packing.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed structural characterization of C(9)H(9)N(3)O(9), highlighting the non-planar arrangement of its substituents.
  • The observed crystal packing is influenced by specific weak intermolecular interactions, offering insights into solid-state behavior.