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Updated: May 24, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
(Z)-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri-methoxy-phen-yl)acrylonitrile
Abstract:
In the title compound, C(20)H(18)N(2)O(3), the C=C bond of the acrylonitrile group that links the indole and the 3,4,5-trimeth-oxy-phenyl rings has Z geometry, with dihedral angles between the plane of the acrylonitrile unit and the planes of the benzene and indole ring systems of 21.96 (5) and 38.94 (7)°, respectively. The acrylonitrile group is planar (r.m.s. deviation from planarity = 0.037 Å). Mol-ecules are linked into head-to-tail chains that propagate along the b-axis direction by bifurcated N-H⋯O inter-molecular hydrogen bonds, which form an R(1) (2)(5) motif between the indole NH group and the two meth-oxy O atoms furthest from the nitrile group.
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The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Nomenclature of Alkynes
Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes