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Updated: May 24, 2026

Chemical Inactivation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cereblon by Pomalidomide-based Homo-PROTACs
Published on: May 15, 2019
2-(3-Amino-pyridinium-1-yl)-3-carb-oxy-propano-ate monohydrate
Abstract:
The title compound, C(9)H(10)N(2)O(4)·H(2)O, was obtained as a zwitterion derived from the nucleophilic attack of 3-amino-pyridine on the fumaric α,β-system. Within the molecule, the amino-pyridine moiety and the carboxyl-ate and carb-oxy-lic acid fragments form dihedral angles of 68.6 (2) and 62.8 (2)°, respectively. The geometry adopted by the mol-ecule does not allow the formation of centrosymmetric dimeric hydrogen-bonded units; instead chains along the a axis are linked by COO-H⋯OOC motifs. These chains are inter-connected by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the carb-oxy-lic acid and carboxyl-ate units and the solvent water mol-ecules.
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Organic Compounds
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
