[School Pirogov: prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetskiy]

A Winogradsky column provides a powerful tool for studying microbial ecology and metabolic interactions in a stratified, self-contained environment. This artificial ecosystem, developed by Sergei Winogradsky in the late 19th century, replicates the complex biogeochemical gradients found in natural sediments, allowing researchers to observe microbial succession and interactions over time.The column is typically assembled in a transparent glass cylinder filled halfway with sediment mixed with...

The famous and controversial Stanford Prison Experiment, conducted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University, demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts.