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Related Concept Videos

Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans
12:32

Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans

Published on: September 27, 2020

Clinical jaundice in a dolphin.

W Medway1, H F Schryver, B Bell

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pensylvania, Philadelphia, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|March 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A mature bottle-nosed dolphin presented with jaundice due to fibrosis in the liver, pancreas, and bile ducts. The specific cause of this dolphin

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Development of a Colloidal Gold-based Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Detection of Cetacean Myoglobin
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A New Clarification Method to Visualize Biliary Degeneration During Liver Metamorphosis in Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)
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Published on: June 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary medicine
  • Marine mammal health
  • Dolphin pathology

Background:

  • Jaundice (icterus) in marine mammals can indicate serious underlying diseases.
  • Hepatic fibrosis and biliary system issues are critical indicators of liver health.

Observation:

  • A mature male bottle-nosed dolphin exhibited clinical signs of jaundice.
  • The dolphin showed evidence of hepatic fibrosis and atrophy.
  • Fibrosis was also noted in the pancreas and extrahepatic biliary system.

Findings:

  • The observed icterus was directly associated with significant fibrosis and atrophy of the liver.
  • The pancreas and extrahepatic biliary system also displayed fibrotic changes.
  • The etiology of the hepatic disease remained undetermined.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the complex pathology that can affect bottle-nosed dolphins.
  • Understanding the causes of hepatic and biliary fibrosis is crucial for marine mammal conservation.
  • Further research is needed to identify the triggers for such fibrotic diseases in cetaceans.