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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents01:23

Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Dual Extracellular Recordings in the Mouse Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex
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Dual Extracellular Recordings in the Mouse Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: February 16, 2024

[Antipsychotic drugs].

Tsugiko Kurita1, Tsukasa Koyama

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|March 15, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are recommended for managing excitement in delirium, offering safer options for elderly patients. However, potential risks like hyperglycemia and cardiac events necessitate informed consent regarding their off-label use.

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Habituation and Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle in Rodents
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Geriatrics

Context:

  • Antipsychotic medications are integral to treating organic mental disorders.
  • Current guidelines recommend atypical antipsychotics for managing excitement in delirium.
  • Elderly patients are a key demographic for these treatments.

Purpose:

  • To review the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs in managing symptomatic mental disorders, particularly delirium.
  • To highlight the receptor binding profile (5-HT2A vs. D2) of atypical antipsychotics.
  • To discuss the safety and efficacy considerations for atypical antipsychotics in elderly patients.

Summary:

  • Atypical antipsychotics, with greater 5-HT2A than D2 receptor affinity, are suggested for delirium-induced excitement.
  • These drugs present a lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects compared to conventional antipsychotics, enhancing safety in the elderly.
  • Critical risks include hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, and sudden cardiac death, requiring careful monitoring.
  • Off-label use mandates comprehensive informed consent regarding both benefits and potential adverse events.

Impact:

  • Provides guidance on selecting antipsychotic treatments for specific mental disorders.
  • Emphasizes the improved safety profile of atypical antipsychotics in geriatric populations.
  • Underscores the importance of risk-benefit assessment and informed consent in psychopharmacology.
  • Contributes to safer and more effective patient management strategies in psychiatric care.