[Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: MRSA)]

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Context:

• Staphylococcus aureus historically caused severe infections before antibiotics.
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen in 1961.
• Two main MRSA classes now circulate globally, including community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strains like USA300.

Purpose:

• To summarize the current landscape of epidemic MRSA and associated infections.
• To highlight the challenges posed by CA-MRSA, particularly in Japan.
• To provide an overview of MRSA epidemiology and management strategies.

Summary:

• MRSA, a significant threat since 1961, has evolved into distinct hospital- and community-acquired strains.
• Invasive MRSA epidemics, notably USA300, have impacted the United States, leading to management guidelines in 2011.
• Japan faces a 'hidden' epidemic of CA-MRSA, necessitating focused attention and countermeasures.

Impact:

• Informs healthcare professionals about evolving MRSA threats.
• Guides public health strategies for combating MRSA infections.
• Contributes to the understanding of global MRSA epidemiology and control.