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Updated: May 24, 2026
Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise
Published on: March 20, 2012
The kinetics of lactate production and removal during whole-body exercise
John F Moxnes1, Øyvind Sandbakk
1Department for Protection Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O. Box 25, 2007 Kjeller, Norway.
Background:
Based on a literature review, the current study aimed to construct mathematical models of lactate production and removal in both muscles and blood during steady state and at varying intensities during whole-body exercise. In order to experimentally test the models in dynamic situations, a cross-country skier performed laboratory tests while treadmill roller skiing, from where work rate, aerobic power and blood lactate concentration were measured. A two-compartment simulation model for blood lactate production and removal was constructed.
Results:
The simulated and experimental data differed less than 0.5 mmol/L both during steady state and varying sub-maximal intensities. However, the simulation model for lactate removal after high exercise intensities seems to require further examination.
Conclusions:
Overall, the simulation models of lactate production and removal provide useful insight into the parameters that affect blood lactate response, and specifically how blood lactate concentration during practical training and testing in dynamical situations should be interpreted.
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