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Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

Published on: July 21, 2023

[Abdominal pain with a microvascular cause].

Claire A D Slegers¹, Gijsbert C Bloemsma, Carmen S Horjus

¹Rijnstate Ziekenhuis, Arnhem, Afd. Interne Geneeskunde, the Netherlands. cslegers@rijnstate.nl

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|March 15, 2012

Summary

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) can present as unexplained abdominal pain and bowel complications. Early diagnosis and treatment with immunosuppressants are crucial for recovery.

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Multimodality Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia

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Controlled Reversible Visceral Arterial Ischemia, Venous Congestion and Combined Malperfusion via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Controlled Reversible Visceral Arterial Ischemia, Venous Congestion and Combined Malperfusion via Midline Laparotomy in Rats

Published on: July 5, 2024

Area of Science:

Vascular Surgery
Gastroenterology
Rheumatology

Background:

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a systemic vasculitis that can affect medium-sized arteries.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of PAN are diverse and can mimic other abdominal pathologies.

Observation:

A 50-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, initially suspected as colon perforation.
Diagnostic imaging revealed ulcerative stenosis, anastomotic leakage, and small bowel perforations.
Angiography demonstrated stenosis in the celiac trunk and irregularities in mesenteric arteries.

Findings:

The patient's presentation, surgical findings, and imaging were consistent with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).
Successful stenting of the celiac trunk was performed.
Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering PAN in patients with unexplained abdominal emergencies and vascular abnormalities.
Prompt immunosuppressive therapy with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide led to symptom resolution and radiographic improvement.
Early recognition and management of PAN are critical to prevent severe gastrointestinal complications and improve patient outcomes.