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Genetic characterization of Aleutian mink disease viruses isolated in China
Yanwu Li1, Juan Huang, Yun Jia
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
Abstract:
Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) is a parvovirus that causes an immune complex mediated disease in minks. To understand the genetic characterization of AMDV in China, the genomic sequences of three isolates, ADV-LN1, ADV-LN2, and ADV-LN3, from different farms in the Northern China were analyzed. The results showed that the lengths of genomic sequences of three isolates were 4,543, 4,566, and 4,566 bp, respectively. They shared only 95.5-96.3 % nucleotide identity with each other. The nucleotide and amino acid homology of genome sequence between the Chinese isolates and European or American strains (ADV-G, ADV-Utah1, and ADV-SL3) were 92.4-95.0 % and 92.1-93.8 %, respectively. The amino acid substitutions randomly distributed in the genome, especially NS gene. ADV-LN1 strain had a 9-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 70 and 72-79 in the VP1 gene, comparing with ADV-G strain; ADV-LN2 and ADV-LN3 strains had 1-amino-acid deletion at amino acid positions 70 in the VP1. Some potential glycosylation site mutations in VP and NS genes were also observed. Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the three strains belonged to two different branches based on the complete coding sequence of VP2 gene. However, they all were in the same group together with the strains from United States based on the NS1 sequence. It indicated that Chinese AMDV isolates had genetic diversity. The origin of the ancestors of the Chinese AMDV strains might be associated with the American strains.
Insights
Genetic analysis of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) in China reveals significant diversity among isolates. Chinese AMDV strains show distinct genetic characteristics and may share ancestry with American strains.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Animal Genetics
Background:
- Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) causes significant economic losses in mink farming due to immune complex-mediated disease.
- Understanding the genetic diversity of AMDV is crucial for disease control and prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To genetically characterize Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) isolates from China.
- To investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of Chinese AMDV strains.
Main Methods:
- Whole-genome sequencing of three AMDV isolates (ADV-LN1, ADV-LN2, ADV-LN3) from Northern China.
- Comparative analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences with international strains.
- Phylogenetic analysis based on VP2 and NS1 gene sequences.
Main Results:
- Chinese AMDV isolates exhibited genomic lengths of 4,543-4,566 bp with 95.5-96.3% nucleotide identity.
- Lower homology (92.4-95.0% nucleotide, 92.1-93.8% amino acid) was observed between Chinese and European/American strains.
- Amino acid substitutions, deletions in VP1, and potential glycosylation site mutations were identified.
- Phylogenetic analysis indicated two distinct branches for VP2 but a single group with US strains for NS1, suggesting genetic diversity and potential American origins.
Conclusions:
- Chinese AMDV isolates display considerable genetic diversity.
- The genetic makeup of Chinese AMDV strains suggests a possible association with American strains.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the precise origins and evolutionary pathways of AMDV in China.
