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Broadband graphene electro-optic modulators with sub-wavelength thickness.

C-C Lee1, S Suzuki, W Xie

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA. ChienChung.Lee@Colorado.EDU

Optics Express
|March 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel graphene-based electro-optic modulators for high-speed optical amplitude modulation. These devices offer broad bandwidth and a flat frequency response, enabling advanced applications in laser and interferometer control.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Graphene possesses unique optical and electrical properties, including tunable absorption, making it suitable for optical modulator development.
  • Existing optical modulators often face limitations in bandwidth, response flatness, or physical footprint.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel electro-optic modulator utilizing single-layer graphene.
  • To demonstrate the modulator's capability for high-speed optical amplitude modulation with a flat frequency response.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of single-layer graphene into a sub-wavelength thick, reflective modulator structure.
  • Characterization of the modulator's optical and electrical bandwidth, frequency response, and insertion loss.

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  • Testing the modulator's performance in high-speed amplitude modulation tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • The graphene-based modulators exhibit uniform modulation with a flat frequency response from 1 Hz to over 100 MHz.
    • The devices offer low insertion loss and a large degree of design freedom for tailoring optical properties.
    • The modulators demonstrated effective high-speed amplitude modulation without phase distortions.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel graphene electro-optic modulators offer significant advantages for high-speed optical applications.
    • These modulators provide solutions for controlling mode-locked lasers and active interferometers requiring precise amplitude modulation.
    • The ultra-thin geometry and performance characteristics of these graphene devices open new avenues in photonic device engineering.