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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Real-Time Monitoring and Modulation of Blood Pressure in a Rabbit Model of Ischemic Stroke
09:00

Real-Time Monitoring and Modulation of Blood Pressure in a Rabbit Model of Ischemic Stroke

Published on: February 10, 2023

Vasculitis revealed by posterior stroke.

A M S Goedhart-de Haan1, S J A Pans, K D F Lensen

  • 1Institute for Medical Education, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

The Netherlands Journal of Medicine
|March 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Posterior ischemic stroke can indicate rare underlying conditions. This case highlights how stroke symptoms, particularly in older adults with elevated ESR, may signal giant cell arteritis affecting the vertebral artery.

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A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model
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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Published on: June 4, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Posterior ischemic stroke is an uncommon presentation.
  • Uncommon underlying diseases should be considered in such cases.
  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium arteries.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with occipital brain infarction.
  • Clinical factors including age, gender, malaise, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) suggested GCA.
  • Diagnostic imaging confirmed vertebral artery vasculitis.

Findings:

  • 18-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) combined with CT angiography confirmed vertebral artery vasculitis.
  • Prompt immunosuppressive therapy was initiated.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering GCA in patients with posterior circulation stroke.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of GCA are crucial to prevent further ischemic events.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for GCA in specific clinical contexts presenting with stroke symptoms.