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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Somatic cell reprogramming for regenerative medicine: SCNT vs. iPS cells.

Guangjin Pan¹, Tao Wang, Hongjie Yao

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology

|March 16, 2012

Summary

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offer regenerative medicine potential. A recent study generated triploid human pluripotent stem cells via a SCNT variant, advancing this field.

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Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Isolation of Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts from Abdominal Skin and Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Non-Integrating Method

Published on: January 19, 2020

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Kinetic Measurement and Real Time Visualization of Somatic Reprogramming

Published on: July 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Regenerative medicine
Reproductive biology

Background:

Reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency is key for regenerative medicine.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are two main reprogramming methods.
Human iPS cells are established, but human SCNT faces technical, legal, and ethical hurdles.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the progress and potential of SCNT and iPS cells in regenerative medicine.
To analyze a recent study generating triploid human pluripotent stem cells using a SCNT variant.

Main Methods:

Discussion of existing literature on SCNT and iPS cell generation.
Analysis of a novel method involving somatic nucleus transfer into oocytes.
Comparison of the two reprogramming strategies for therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

Human iPS cell lines have been successfully generated from various individuals.
A recent study reported the creation of triploid human pluripotent stem cells through a SCNT variant.
SCNT has been successful in vertebrates but not yet in humans for pluripotent stem cell generation.

Conclusions:

Both SCNT and iPS cells hold promise for patient-specific pluripotent stem cells.
The generation of triploid human pluripotent stem cells via SCNT variant represents a significant advancement.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully realize the potential of these reprogramming methods for regenerative medicine.