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Related Concept Videos

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History01:21

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System I: Health History

The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction (NeMO) in Female Small Rodents
07:42

Nerve-sparing Mid-urethral Obstruction (NeMO) in Female Small Rodents

Published on: April 25, 2017

Overactive bladder symptoms and voiding dysfunction in neurologically normal women.

Montserrat Espuña-Pons1, Linda Cardozo, Christopher Chapple

  • 1Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia Hospital Clinic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mespuna@clinic.ub.es

Neurourology and Urodynamics
|March 16, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overactive bladder (OAB) and voiding dysfunction (VD) in women often coexist. Measuring post-void residual (PVR) volume is crucial for diagnosing impaired bladder emptying and guiding appropriate treatment strategies.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Published on: August 28, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) and voiding dysfunction (VD) are common conditions affecting women.
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind these conditions in neurologically normal women is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of overactive bladder (OAB) and voiding dysfunction (VD) in neurologically normal women.
  • To highlight the diagnostic importance of post-void residual (PVR) measurements in women presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review of MEDLINE from 1982 to 2011 was conducted.
  • Search terms were defined, and manual analysis of relevant articles published in English was performed.

Main Results:

  • One in five women experience moderate to severe LUTS.
  • Elevated PVR volume is found in 82% of patients with VD without stress incontinence (SUI).
  • Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) contributes to VD in women, and SUI surgery can temporarily cause VD.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired bladder emptying in women presents with diverse LUTS; PVR measurement is vital for diagnosis.
  • OAB and VD frequently coexist, necessitating accurate diagnosis of the underlying pathophysiology.
  • Further research is recommended on alpha-blocker efficacy in women with VD and PVR changes in OAB patients undergoing antimuscarinic therapy.