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Updated: May 24, 2026

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

"Phantom" publications among plastic surgery residency applicants.

Christina K Chung¹, Tina Hernandez-Boussard, Gordon K Lee

¹Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5715, USA.

Annals of Plastic Surgery

|March 17, 2012

Summary

A significant percentage of plastic surgery residency applicants misrepresent publications. Foreign medical graduates were more likely to have phantom publications, while female applicants were less likely.

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Surgical Residency Applications
Publication Integrity

Background:

Residency applications often list publications.
Previous studies show discrepancies between listed and published work in other specialties.
Limited data exists for plastic surgery residency applicants.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the incidence of
phantom
publications in plastic surgery residency applications.
To identify characteristics associated with misrepresented publications.

Main Methods:

Utilized the Electronic Residency Application Services database (2006-2009).
Extracted applicant demographics and publication data.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Patient-Specific Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantom Fabrication with Ultrasound and X-Ray Contrast for Brain Tumor Surgery Planning

Published on: July 14, 2020

Verified peer-reviewed articles using PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google.

Main Results:

14% of listed peer-reviewed publications were unverifiable (phantom publications).
A significant increasing trend in phantom publications was observed over 4 years.
Foreign medical graduates had a higher likelihood of phantom publications; female applicants had a lower likelihood.

Conclusions:

A notable percentage of plastic surgery residency applicants present unverifiable publications.
This may be due to intense competition for highly sought-after positions.
Program directors should carefully verify listed publications during applicant evaluation.