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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps01:26

Tracheostomy Suctioning I: Pre-Procedural Steps

Tracheostomy suctioning is a critical procedure healthcare professionals perform to maintain a patent airway in patients with a tracheostomy tube. This procedure is necessary when secretions accumulate in the airway, causing respiratory distress. Here is a step-wise procedural guide for performing tracheostomy suctioning using an open system.
Equipment Required
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
04:32

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

Ventilator-associated pneumonia with or without toothbrushing: a randomized controlled trial.

L Lorente1, M Lecuona, A Jiménez

  • 1Department of Critical Care, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra s/n. La Cuesta, La Laguna, 38320 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain. lorentemartin@msn.com

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases : Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology
|March 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Adding toothbrushing to chlorhexidine oral care did not significantly reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence in critical care patients. This study found no difference in VAP rates between groups receiving oral care with or without manual brushing.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Oral Hygiene Research

Background:

  • Guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) often recommend chlorhexidine oral care.
  • The specific role of toothbrushing in VAP prevention alongside chlorhexidine has been largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether incorporating manual toothbrushing into chlorhexidine oral care impacts the incidence of VAP in intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized clinical trial was conducted in a medical-surgical ICU.
  • Patients on mechanical ventilation for over 24 hours received oral care with 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, with one group also receiving manual toothbrushing.
  • Tracheal aspirate samples were collected to monitor for VAP.

Main Results:

  • No statistically significant difference in VAP incidence was observed between the toothbrushing group (9.7%) and the non-toothbrushing group (11.0%).
  • The odds ratio for VAP with toothbrushing was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.469-1.615; p=0.75).

Conclusions:

  • Manual toothbrushing, when added to chlorhexidine oral care, does not provide additional benefit in preventing VAP in mechanically ventilated critical care patients.
  • Current VAP prevention strategies may not require the addition of manual toothbrushing to chlorhexidine protocols.